This will be the best way of explaining ‘Paris is the lover of Helen’, that is, ‘Paris loves, and by that very fact [et eo ipso] Helen is loved’. Here, therefore, two propositions have been brought together and abbreviated as one. Or, ‘Paris is a lover, and by that very fact Helen is a loved one’. —Leibniz, ‘Grammaticae cogitationes’1 DeWnition: ‘X has a right [against Y]’ if and only if X can have rights, and, other things being equal, an aspect of X’s well-being (his interest) is a suYcient reason for holding [Y] to be under a duty. —Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom...