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| the ubiquity of state-given reasons | |
| Συγγραφέας: Mark Schroeder Mark Schroeder: the ubiquity of state-given reasons (pdf, 22 pages) Philosophers have come to distinguish between ‘right’  and ‘wrong’ kinds of reasons for  belief, intention, and other attitudes.  Several theories about the nature of this distinction have been offered, by far the most prevalent of which is the idea that it is, at bottom, the distinction between what are known as ‘object-given’ and ‘state-given’ reasons.  This paper argues that the object-given/state-given theory vastly overgeneralizes on a small set of data points, and in particular that any adequate account of the distinction between the ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ kinds of reason must allow state-given reasons to be of the right kind. The  paper  has  three  main  goals,  corresponding  to  its  three  main  parts.    In  part  1  I  set  up  the problem  by  introducing  the  right-kind/wrong-kind  distinction,  the  object-given/state-given  distinction, and the  object-given/state-given theory, according to which the former distinction simply amounts to the latter.  Part 2 presents the main argument of the paper: I argue against the object-given/state-given theory by showing that all of the earmarks of the ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ kinds of reason apply to reasons not to intend and not to believe, but that these cases can’t be captured by the object-given/state-given theory.  Finally, in part  3  I  use  these  arguments  to  motivate  and  explore  a  more  general  hypothesis  about  the  rightkind/wrong-kind  distinction,  and  explore  some  of  the  consequences  of  rejecting  the  object-given/stategiven theory. | |
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