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| Reversibility and Disagreement | |
| Συγγραφέας: Jacob Ross, Mark Schroeder Jacob Ross, Mark Schroeder: Reversibility and Disagreement (pdf, 31 pages) Contextualists, about a given type of expression, claim that the contribution that expression makes to the content  or  truth  value  of  an  assertion  depends  on  the  context  in  which  this  assertion  is  made,  whereas invariants  deny  this.    Recently,  arguments  have  been  given  favoring  invariantism  for  a  number  of expressions  for  which  contextualism  had  previously  been  favored,  including  predicates  of  personal  taste (e.g.,  ‘tasty,’  ‘dreamy’),1  epistemic  modals  (‘might,’  ‘must’),2  deontic  modals  (‘ought,’  ‘may’),3  probability operators (‘probably,’ ‘certainly’),4 and indicative conditionals,5 among others.6 Invariantists have prominently argued that their view is preferable to contextualism  because  only their  view  accounts  for  disagreement  and  closely  related  phenomena.    For  invariantism  seems  to  allow, correctly, that Popeye and Bluto disagree when Popeye says ‘spinach is tasty’ and Bluto says ‘spinach is not tasty,’  whereas  contextualism  seems  to  predict  that  they  do  not  thereby  disagree,  since  the  proposition Popeye affirms differs from the proposition Bluto denies.  More generally, if we define a contested sentence as a sentence  containing  one  of  the  contested  expressions  (‘tasty’,  ‘might’,  ‘ought’  etc.)  but  no  other  contextsensitive expressions, invariantism seems to entail that the following is true, whereas contextualism seems to entail that it is false: | |
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